Check if the casualty has a pulse.

If casualty has a pulse but is not breathing, start EAR at 15 breaths per minute.

If no pulse is present immediately start CPR.

How to check pulse?

Feel for a carotid (neck) pulse by placing the pads of your fingers in the groove beside the Adam's apple or the middle of the neck on a woman. You can check on either side of the neck. You must check the pulse for 10 seconds.

Note: When the body is in shock, it often shuts down the peripheral circulation, including the radial (wrist) pulse. Therefore it is not advised to check radial pulse.

CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a combination of the Chest Compression procedure and Expired Air Resuscitation (EAR).

Whichever method is used, the pulse must be checked after one minute and then at two
minute intervals. Failure to do so may result in brain damage and lead to death.

Note: CPR must only be practised on a revival dummy.

STEP 1 - After 5 full breaths, check pulse. If no pulse is present commence CPR immediately.

STEP 2 - Position the hands on the Compression point

STEP 3 - Exert pressure using the heel of the lower hand

STEP 4- Depress the Sternum about 4-5 centimetres

STEP 5- Give equal time from compression and relaxation

STEP 6- Give 15 compressions in 10-12 seconds. 2 breaths in 3-4 seconds. 4 cycles per minute